转变之三：从垄断者到精明的被告

Transition Three: Monopolist to Savvy Defendant

所以, 请把谷歌叫做自然垄断者.

So, call Gu Ge natural monopolist please.

画出垄断者的需求曲线、边际收益曲线和边际成本曲线。

Draw the demand, marginal-revenue, and marginal-cost curves for a monopolist.

画出垄断者的需求曲线 、 边际收益曲线和边际成本曲线.

Draw the demand, marginal - revenue, and marginal - cost curves for a monopolist.

寡头通过组成卡特尔,象一个垄断者那样行事,以最大化他们的总利润.

Oligopolists maximize their total profits by forming a cartel and acting like a monopolist.

最近，这个国有垄断者正因为调试电力系统并且导致了影响全国范围内的工业生产的大停电而焦头烂额。

Most recently, the state-owned monopolist has come under fire for gaming the system and causing the electricity blackouts that have crimped industrial production across the country.

大多是的垄断者在开创了一个持续数十年或者更长的辉煌时代后，开始对权力有更大的兴趣。

Most monopolists create a golden age that lasts a decade or more, and then slowly they became more interested in being in power.

管制垄断者的行为。

Regulating the behavior of monopolies.

微软公司是软件生产世界里的垄断者。

M $ is a monopoly company in software production world.

这样垄断者的收入为pq 而成本为c。

The monopoly earns the revenue pq and pays the cost c. This leads to the first order condition, for the profit-maximizing quantity qm