It is formed by a process of "self-ionization".

它是由“自身电离”这一过程形成的。

And we can calculate the ionization energy.

我们能够计算电离能。

So let's compare those ionization energies.

那么让我们来比较一下它们的电离能。

That is the strict definition of ionization.

这是离子化的严格定义。

So, we can now calculate the ionization energy here.

我们可以计算这的电离能。

For example, I could look at the ionization of lithium.

例如，我能观察锂的电离。

Yeah. OK. We're looking for the lowest ionization energy.

对，好，我们再找最低的电离能。

So, oftentimes you'll just be asked about ionization energy.

经常你们会被问到关于电离能。

We will never have a case where ionization energy is negative.

我们绝不会见到一个,电离能是负值的情况。

This is called ionization, gas phase species loses an electron.

而这个过程是离子化，气相组分失去一个电子。

That is to say the ionization energy of the second most electron.

这是二级电离能，这就是说，电子数第二多的电离能。

Let's take a look at the lowest ionization energy in the center case.

让我们来看一下电离能最低在中间的情况。

So, we keep the atoms with the lowest ionization energy in the center.

因此，我们把电离能，最低的原子放在中间。

So, as we go down a column, we see ionization energy's going to decrease.

总之，当我们沿着列往下走的时候，我们会看到电离能在降低。

As we go down a column, what happens is that the ionization energy decreases.

当我们沿着列向下走的时候，会发现电离能是在降低的。

The ionization energy, of course, is just the negative of the binding energy.

电离能，我们知道也就是,负的结合能。

So, in terms of ionization energy, we would expect to see sulfur in the middle.

因此，按照电离能，我们应该把硫放在中间。

So, this is first ionization energy, let's think about second ionization energy.

那么，这就是第一电离能，下面让我们来想一想第二电离能。

So if we want to solve for ionization energy, we can just rearrange this equation.

因此，要想解出电离能，我们只需要将这个方程中的项变换一下位置。

So, thinking about ionization energy, which atom would you put in the middle here?

那么，从电离能的角度考虑，大家会把哪个原子放在中间？

The low ionization potentials of the heavier gases also account for their chemistry.

较重的稀有气体具有较低的电离势，这也可以解释它们的化学性质。

We know that binding energy is always negative, ionization energy is always positive.

我们知道结合能，总是负的，电离能总是正的。

Breathe is a living kitchen appliance that literally ‘breathes in’ air pollutants through ionization.

Breathe是一个活动的厨房装置，它通过电离化真正起到了吸收空气中的污染物质的作用。

So it's going to keep in mind the limitations, so let's start off with talking about ionization energy.

那么让我们将这些局限性记在心里，继续来讨论一下电离能。

We would expect the ionization energy to decrease, that means that sulfur has our lowest ionization energy.

我们预期电离能会降低，这就意味着硫的电离能最低。

A long tendril of colder gas and dust extends many light years into the void from the receding ionization front.

低温气体和尘埃长长的卷须从渐行渐远的电离前沿一直延伸到数光年远的太空。

The first ionization potentials are as follows: He, 24.6; Ne, 21.6; Ar, 15.8; Kr, 14.0; Xe, 12.1; and Rn, 10.7 eV.

稀有气体的第一电离势是这样的：He 24.6; Ne 21.6; Ar 15.8; Kr 14.0; Xe 12.1; Rn 10.7 eV。

But, in fact, we can also talk about the ionization energy of different states of the hydrogen atom or of any atom.

但实际上我们也可以讨论氢原子，或者其它任何原子的其它能级的电离能。

Our ionization energy is going to be equal to the incident energy coming in, minus the kinetic energy of the electron.

我们的电离能将等于，入射能量，减去电子的动能。

If something has a high ionization energy, it means that it really, really, really does not want to give up an electron.

如果某个东西有很高的电离能，这意味着它非常非常，非常不愿意失去一个电子。