Most things are balanced - with equal numbers of electrons and protons.

大部分物体都是电荷平衡的——含等量的电子和质子。

Inert gases like neon and argon have eight electrons in their outer shell.

像氖和氩这样的惰性气体，在它们的外电子层有8个电子。

Under certain conditions, electrons can behave like waves rather than particles.

在某些条件下，电子能像波而不是粒子那样运动。

As these electrons are negatively charged they will attempt to repel each other.

由于这些电子都带负电荷，它们会相互排斥。

The electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to produce images at high magnifications.

电子显微镜利用一束电子产生高倍放大的影像。

We have a beam of electrons.

我们有一个电子束。

They cling to electrons quite tenaciously.

它们和电子紧紧地靠在一起。

What if we capture all of the valence electrons?

如果我们捕获了所有价电子会怎样呢？

Electrons weigh very little, so they aren't even counted in the atomic weight.

电子非常轻，因此在原子量中甚至没有计算它。

To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei.

为了释放电子，必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱它们的原子核。

Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.

泡利说在一个给定的系统内，没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。

The formation of the channel is initiated when electrons surge from the cloud base toward the ground.

当电子从云层底部涌向地面时，通道就开始形成了。

The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely.

制造一种好的热电材料的关键是，需要一种电子可以自由流动的晶体结构。

It's going to be an electron acceptor, and it wants to accept electrons and wants to accept electron density.

它将成为一个电子的接收器，且它想要接收电子和电子密度。

Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons - the building blocks of electrical energy.

土壤里的小动物会吃这些废物，产生电子。而电子是电能的组成部分。

The electrons that form the image pass through the sample, so the individual slices have to be prepared and examined.

形成图像的电子通过了这个样品，因此必须准备和检查单个的切片。

Because these things are unpaired, we have already seen how unpaired electrons play a role in the Stern-Gerlach experiment.

因为这些事物都是未成对的，我们已经发现在 Stern-Gerlach 实验中，未成对电子扮演怎样一个角色了。

Now with this framework, I said that talking about these valence electrons might give us some insight into chemical reactivity.

现在在这个结构下，我说过讨论这些价电子可能会让我们对化学反应有更深的理解。

What she's going to do is to start loading up the electrons, and you see this wand here move slowly, and start become perpendicular.

她要做的是开始加载电子，你可以看到这个棒子移动得很慢，并开始变得垂直了。

Sometimes, however, a stream of electrons following an established channel is met by a positive stream making a new path up from the ground.

然而，有时，沿着已建立的通道的电子流会遇到正的电子流，正的电子流从地面开始形成新的路径。

TEMs work by firing a beam of electrons through the material and measuring how it absorbs and deflects the particles to build up an image of the sample.

TEMs 的工作原理是通过发射一束电子穿过某种物质，并测量它如何吸收和偏转粒子来建立样本的图像。

Then a strong current of electrons follows that path from the cloud to the ground, and it is that current that illuminates the channel as the lightning we see.

然后一股强大的电子电流沿着这条路径，从云层到达地面，正是这种电流像我们看到的闪电一样照亮了通道。

The channel is only a few centimeters in diameter, but that is wide enough for electrons to follow the channel to the ground in the visible form of a flash of lightning.

这个通道的直径只有几厘米，但它的宽度足以让电子以闪电这样看得到的形式随着通道到达地面。

An atom itself is a complete whole, with its electrons, protons and neutrons and other elements.

原子本身是个整体，含电子、质子、中子以及其他组成部分。

The stream of positive particles that meets the surge of electrons from the cloud often arises from a tall pointed structure such as a metal flagpole or a tower.

来自云层的电子流与正粒子流相遇，而这些正粒子流通常来自于高而尖的结构，如金属旗杆或塔。

When a stream of these negatively charged electrons comes within 100 meters of the ground it is met by a stream of positively charged particles that comes up from the ground.

当这些负电荷距离地面不到100米时，会遇到一股来自地面的正电荷粒子流。

The intertube coupling causes the energy gaps to decrease for the electrons in the rope are less confined.

由于管束存在管间相互作用，电子的束缚度减小，导致能隙减小。

A coordinate covalent bond is one where both bonding electrons are from one of the atoms involved in the bond.

配位共价键是其中两个键合电子均来自该键所涉及的原子之一的键。

They have an excess of electrons.

有过多的电子。

What do these electrons represent?

这些电子代表什么？