You also read an article by Milgrom where Milgrom talks about Priestly cultic imagery serving as a kind of theodicy.

在米尔格罗姆的一篇文章中,这篇文章讲到祭司的宗教仪式,被形象化为一种神义论。

So Israelite-Judean religion on the ground shared many cultic forms and practices and rituals with Canaanite and Ancient Near Eastern culture generally.

因此以色列-犹太宗教本质上来说,和迦南以及古近东时期的文化,在宗教形式、操作和仪式上有很多共同点。

They participated at the very earliest stages in the wider religious and cultic culture of the Ancient Near East.

他们从最初就影响着,广泛古代近东地区的宗教信仰。

On the other hand, a Protestant distaste for priest-centered cultic ritual colors scholarly accounts of the temple, and its meaning for ancient Israelites.

一方面，新教徒不喜欢，以神职人员为中心的,狂热祭祀，就庙宇来说，也有不同的歪曲，以及对犹太人的意义。

Canaanite religious ritual took place in small temples that housed cultic statues. There were stone pillars, perhaps symbols of the gods, or memorials to the dead.

迦南的宗教仪式在小庙中进行,里面有宗教神像，有石柱，它们也许代表上帝也可能是祭奠死者。

But we are going to be spending a fair amount of time talking actually about the meaning and the function of Israel's purity laws and cultic laws in a later lecture.

但是接下来我们将花相当一部分的时间,讨论以色列纯度法律和祭仪法律的,意义和作用。

There are cultic and ritual texts that prescribe how some ceremony is supposed to be performed.

有讲宗教崇拜的,规定一些特定仪式要如何进行。

But they certainly often preserve older cultic traditions and priestly traditions as well.

同时它们也将古老的,宗教崇拜传统和祭司传统保留了下来。

This also had a cultic function as well.

它也有一个宗教功用。

Well, like the rest of the ancient world, Israel had a cultic system, and that cultic system featured a sanctuary: a sacred space with holy objects; sacred objects, where priests performed a variety of ritual acts.

和其他古代世界一样，以色列有一个宗教系统，圣所是这个系统的一个特色：,它是一个布满了神圣物体的地方，祭司会在这里举行一系列的仪式。

And we identify this work as Priestly because it deals with matters that were of special concern to and under the jurisdiction of priests: the sanctuary, its cultic rituals, the system of sacrifices, the distinction between the holy and the profane and the pure and the impure.

我们之所以把《利未记》看成是与祭司有关的,是因为其中特别写到了,祭司的一些相关内容，包括至圣所，宗教仪式，供奉体系，以及神圣和世俗、,纯洁与肮脏之间的差别。

So for Wellhausen, the Priestly source, which emphasizes cult and ritual logically it had to represent a late degenerate stage in the evolution of Israelite religion, because priestly ritualistic cultic practices, these are degenerations.

对于Wellhausen，牧师来源强调祭祀和仪式,它代表了一种晚期的退化阶段,在以色列宗教的进化进程，因为牧师仪式的宗教习俗都是一种退化。

So according to Wellhausen, the early period of ancient Israel must have been characterized by a free, more natural form of religion, an intimate relationship with God, unencumbered or unsullied by the legalistic cultic obsessions of priests and cult.

据Wellhausen，古代以以列早期,一定是以自由自然的宗教形式为特色的，与上帝关系亲密，不受任何阻碍,牧师和仪式痴迷于遵从律法，造成阻碍。