GISs are information systems built on firm IT foundations.

GISs是一个有坚实IT基础的信息系统。

According to GISS, four of the six months also individually showed record highs.

据GISS的记录，6个月中有4个月同时创造了单月最高记录。

For example, GISS previously ranked 2005 as the warmest, while the Met Office listed 1998.

例如GISS之前的记录表明2005年是最温暖的一年，而英国气象局的记录是1998年。

The GISS temperature analysis effort began around 1980, so the most recent 30 years were 1951-1980.

加之，GISS的气温分析始于1980年左右，最近的30年有效期也只有1951-1980年了。

"What is clear," said Hansen, "is that the warmest 12-month period in the GISS analysis was reached in mid-2010."

“什么是清楚的呢”Hansen说，“那就是GISS最热12个月的分析报告已经做了2010年的多半。”

As for the calendar year, it is likely that the 2010 global surface temperature in the GISS analysis also will be a record.

从戈达德空间研究所历年记录来看，2010年全球表面温度同样会达到最高。

However, the paper - Current GISS Global Surface Temperature Analysis - says the overall warming trend has held through this decade.

然而，该文件-当前的GISS全球表面温度分析-报告说总体变暖的趋势在这10年依然如故。

Current GISs lack efficient management and analysis functions for coastline dynamic changes for coastline is a special line object.

现有地理信息系统对于海岸线这一独特线对象的动态变化缺乏有效的管理和分析手段。

Scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), led by James Hansen, released an analysis that addressed these questions.

美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空研究所的科学家们(由james hansen牵头)发表了一项分析报告回答了这些问题。

According to GISS data, during the past three decades, there has been an upward trend in world average temperatures of about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade.

依照GISS的数据，过去30年里全球平均温度每十年上升了0.2摄氏度。

As it is impossible to unify the formats of the files provided by different GISs, the processing of GIS data is onerous when designing the GIS interface.

由于无法统一不同GIS提供的数据文件格式，在进行接口设计时对GIS数据的处理工作十分繁杂。

“There’s always an interest in the annual temperature numbers and on a given year’s ranking, but usually that misses the point,” said James Hansen, the director of GISS.

人们总是热衷于每年气温的数字和特定年份的等级，却常常忽略了关键。

The analysis, conducted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, is based on temperatures recorded at weather stations around the world and satellite data over the oceans.

这些由纽约市戈达德空间研究所(GISS)进行的分析是以世界各地气象站的温度记录和大洋上空卫星的数据为基础的。

Completely changing or largely modifying data model of current GISs and developing a lot of spatial process models which may have very narrow applications could not be accepted by the GIS vendors.

完全改变或较大修改数据模型，并开发大量的但可能只具有较窄的应用范围的时空分析模型不会被GIS开发者所接受。