This paper puts forward a research frame of the effects of anti-dumping behaviors by using contrafactual analysis.

本文通过反事实分析，提出了反倾销行为影响的研究框架。

Instead, aggrieved American firms can file for anti-dumping duties if they prove that Chinese products are being sold below their supposed cost of production in "similar" countries.

作为补偿，愤愤不平的美国公司如果认为中国产品低于他们认为的“同类”国家的产品成本，他们可以申请反倾销关税。

They have been buttressed too by conventions, conferences, courts, declarations, dispute-mechanisms, special mandates and treaties governing everything from human rights to anti-dumping complaints.

它们完全是由大会、小会、法庭、宣言、协商机制、特别委权和条约维系，管理的事情从人权到反倾销控告，事无巨细。

It would require the Treasury to identify seriously undervalued currencies, and then, if the culprits do not take action, would allow American firms to ask for protective anti-dumping duties.

这要求财政部来确认严重低估的货币，如果罪犯不采取行动，那么就允许美国公司提出保护性反倾销关税的要求。

Though yesterday's decision was the right result, the process by which it was achieved was a reminder of the vagaries of the EU approach to anti-dumping actions.

尽管昨日的决定是一个正确的结果，但得出这个结果的过程提醒人们，欧盟在反倾销行动方面有些反复无常。

For the full year of 2008, China saw 73 anti-dumping and 10 countervailing investigations.

而2008全年中国遭遇的反倾销、反补贴调查分别为73起和10起。

Under WTO rules, a country imposing anti-dumping duties must prove its domestic industry has been injured by cheap imports from a specific country.

根据WTO的规则，征收反倾销税的国家，必须证明本国产业受到了某个特定国家廉价进口商品的损害。

Greece, Spain and Portugal, once vocal advocates of anti-dumping, have now fallen silent.

希腊、西班牙和葡萄牙，一度曾口头主张反倾销，但是现在也已默不作声。

The European Commission is struggling to secure enough support among member states for a controversial plan to extend “anti-dumping” duties against imported Chinese and Vietnamese footwear.

欧盟委员会正在奋力争取足够多成员国对一项有争议计划的支持，即延长针对进口自中国和越南的鞋类产品的“反倾销税”。

Europe's steel industry is to call for anti-dumping measures against imports of Chinese steel.

欧洲钢铁行业将呼吁对中国的钢铁进口采取反倾销措施。

Chovanec noted that every week or so there is another anti-dumping finding from one side or the other and sanctions being imposed.

切瓦尼说，每隔一个星期左右，双方就会宣布一项反倾销决定，并宣布制裁对方。

Under the WTO code, it can act against such moves under so-called "anti-dumping" rules.

在国际贸易组织规范下，被倾销国可采取所谓的“反倾销”制度应对。

China's Ministry of Commerce voiced regret over the applications, while European steel users also opposed to any anti-dumping measures, fearing that they would face a supply shortage.

此外，欧洲钢铁消费者也反对对中国实施反倾销，害怕这将导致欧盟市场上钢铁产品供应紧张。

This could give those companies a voice when the commission is investigating an anti-dumping case.

这样可以在委员会调查反倾销案时给这些公司一个发言的机会。

Fo rexample,EU ministers decided this week to slap anti-dumping duties on leather shoes from Vietnam and China, which threaten shoemakers in Italy, Portugal and Spain.

例如，欧盟部长决定这周进行反倾销任务。 来自越南和中国的皮鞋，威胁着意大利、葡萄牙还有西班牙的鞋制造商。

He wants the EU to look again at the "community-interest" test-that anti-dumping duties can be introduced only if they are in the wider interests of European business and consumers.

他希望欧盟重新审视“共同体利益”的考量——反倾销关税的实施，只有在符合欧洲商业和消费者广泛利益的情况下才可以。

Rather than welcoming these bargains, importing countries tend to cry foul and raise anti-dumping duties.

进口这些便宜货的国家，大喊犯规要求提升反倾销关税的声音胜过了欢迎这些廉价物品的声音。

Q: Last week, Canada decided to impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese steel imports. Can you comment?

问：上周，加拿大决定对中国输加钢铁产品征收反倾销税，中方对此有何评论？

The amount of the provisional anti-dumping duty, cash deposit, bond or other forms of security provided shall not exceed the margin of dumping established in the preliminary determination.

临时反倾销税税额或者提供的保证金、保函或者其他形式担保的金额，应当不超过初裁决定确定的倾销幅度。