Now a telomere is a highly repetitious and genetically meaningless sequence of DNA, what we were calling junk DNA.

端粒是高度重复的，从基因上来说没有意义的 DNA 序列，我们称之为垃圾 DNA。

Every time the Chromosome divides—every time one cell divides into two—pieces of the ends of the Chromosome, the telomere, get broken off.

当每次染色体分裂时——即当每次一个细胞分裂成两个时——染色体的尾部，也就是端区，就会发生断裂。

Anyway, if we examine these ends of these coils of DNA, we will find a sequence of DNA at each end of every human Chromosome, called a telomere.

无论如何，如果我们检查这些螺旋状 DNA 的末端，我们会发现每条人类染色体的末端都有一个被称作“端粒”的 DNA 序列。

A telomere is a structure of genetic material.

端粒是一种基因物质的结构。

In this way, the telomere ACTS like a biological fuse.

端粒就是以这种方式扮演着生物保险丝的角色。

How about habits or routines believed to shorter telomere lengths.

您认为生活习惯或日常活动会缩短端粒长度吗？

It would have telomere DNA at the center, and it would have two centromeres.

它的中心部位将有端粒dna，而且会同时含有两个着丝粒。

Objective: To study the changes of telomerase activity and telomere length.

目的：探讨肾癌组织端粒酶活性和端粒长度变化。

Telomerase is a kind of ERT which causes catalysis and prolong the end of telomere.

端粒酶，是一种催化延长端粒末端的反向转录酶。

Genetic factors and environmental stressors can shorten the length of the telomere.

遗传因素和环境压力可以使得端粒的长度缩短。

The new finding is exciting because, he says, "it means that telomere shortening is not inevitable."

他说，这个新发现令人兴奋，因为“它意味着，端粒缩短不是必然的。”

But perhaps most interesting, there was little correlation between exercise and telomere length.

但是也许最有趣的是，锻炼与端粒长度之间几乎没有联系。

But if the telomerase enzyme is very active, telomere lengths are maintained and cells are kept young.

但是，如果端粒酶非常活跃的话，端粒的长度得以维持，而细胞则能保持年轻。

What's coming next in telomere research? Is this something we're going to be hearing a lot more about?

在端粒研究中，下一个是什么？是否我们将会一直听到许多关于某种东西的谈论？

Telomere length tends to shorten with age, and shorter telomeres tend to be linked with shorter life spans.

端粒的长度与寿命的长短有关，染色体端粒越短，它所在的生命跨度也就越短。

The telomere research expanded scientific knowledge about diseases and led to possible new treatments.

端粒的研究扩展了对疾病的科学知识，并可能导致新的治疗方法。

Telomere length was as good as cholesterol levels at predicting the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

端粒长度，跟胆固醇水平一样是预测冠心病的很好的指标。

What he found surprised him. Not only did counselling stop telomere shrinkage, it actually promoted telomere growth.

研究发现令他十分惊讶：咨询不仅阻止了端粒的缩短，同时促进了端粒的生长。

It gave us great confidence that we identified genetic variants on a pathway we already know is associated with telomere length.

同时也给了我们信心去确定不同遗传变量与端粒长度关系的路径。

Moreover, it was not merely the father's telomere length that correlated with that of his offspring, but also his actual lifespan.

此外，不仅仅是父亲的端粒长度与其子孙后代的端粒长度相关，而且他们与孩子之间的寿命也相关。

"Telomere length is more reflective of things that happen in your life than the genetic hand you are born with," said Dr. Blackburn.

“端粒的长度与在你出生就具有的基因相比，更能反应你在生命进程中发生的事情。”布莱克本博士说。

This year's prize winners solved the conundrum when they discovered how the telomere functions and found the enzyme that copies it.

今年的诺贝尔奖得主解决了这个谜。他们发现了端粒的功能以及负责复制端粒的酶。

TERC is likely only one of several genes that influence telomere length, says Tim Spector of Kings College London, who co-led the study.

该研究的掌门人之一，伦敦国王学院的蒂姆斯·帕克特(Tim Spector)认为，TERC可能只是影响端粒长度若干基因之一。

The ageing process has since been found to be more complex and is now thought to depend on several different factors, the telomere being one of them.

人类衰老的过程一直被认为是更为复杂，而现在人们认为，人类衰老的过程取决于几个不同的因素，端粒就是其中之一。

We can detect very small differences in telomere length and it is a very simple and fast technique where many samples can be analysed at the same time.

我们能够探测到端粒长度的差异，这是一个很简单而且快速的技术：很多样本能够同时检验，更重要的是，我们能够判断出那些是危险的端粒？