Uncertainty over the size of the output gap complicates the task of central Banks.

产出缺口不确定，央行任务更头疼。

Can the Money Supply and Output Gap Provide Useful Information for Inflation?

货币和产出缺口能给通货膨胀提供有用的信息吗？

Yet it seems premature to write off the threat as long as a large output gap persists.

但是只要巨大的产出缺口持续存在，把这种威胁一笔勾消的做法就显得不成熟。

Net stimulus of around 3 percent of GDP — not much, when you’ve got a 42 percent output gap.

约占GDP3%的净刺激——不算多，当面对的是一个42%的产出缺口时。

In a March 23 speech, Ms. Yellen cautioned that the output gap may not be fully closed until 2013.

耶伦在3月23日的讲话中警告说产出缺口可能直到2013年才能完全消除。

Estimating how big the output gap is, and how much of a deflationary threat it still poses, is not easy.

要估测产出缺口的大小，及其可能引发通货紧缩的威胁有多大，并不容易。

Laurence Meyer of Macroeconomic Advisers, a consultancy, reckons America's output gap will reach 9% of GDP by next year.

劳伦斯的宏观经济顾问认为明年美国的产出缺口会达到GDP的9%。

Moreover, the OECD forecasts a significant output gap - and so persistent deflationary pressure - at least until 2005.

更有甚者，根据OECD的预报，显著的产出缺口，以及由此形成的持续的通缩压力，将至少持续到2005年。

This divergence in estimates highlights the biggest problem in relying on the output gap: it is a slippery thing to measure.

这两个估测数据之间的差距鲜明地体现了依赖产出缺口的一个最大的问题：测量不可靠。

It did, however produce a chart showing that the output gap tends to line up with swings in inflation, as one would expect.

但央行的确公布了一张图表，显示产出缺口趋向于与通胀上升一致，这与预期的一致。我们从央行的报告中复制了这张图表。

Even if inflation were to fall to between zero and 1.5%, say, that would be a small drop given the CBO's estimate of the output gap.

即使通货膨胀率下降到0到1.5%的水平，相比cbo估测的产出缺口也是非常小的。

It declared Japan's output gap, between what the economy can produce and what it is actually producing, at long last to be closed.

在报告的结束部分，指出根据日本当前经济状况，能够容纳的产品和目前实际生产之间还存在着缺口。

The authors take this as evidence that the output gap may have been only 2% in the first quarter, implying little or no threat of deflation.

这份报告的作者们(John Williams和Justin Weidner)以此证明产出缺口在第一季度可能只有2%，几乎或压根不可能引发通货紧缩。

The central bank says the output gap reached a positive 3.06% in March, the highest level since 1998 and the seventh straight month of increase.

央行公布的数据表明，3月份工业增加值产出缺口达到3.06%，为1998年以来的最高水平，且为连续第七个月上升。

Yet even Mr Ashworth admits that core inflation and wage growth have not fallen as much as the output gap and unemployment would seem to predict.

然而甚至是Ashworth先生也承认，核心通货膨胀率和工资增长水平都还没下降到产出缺口和失业率这两者似能预测的那种程度。

In part because, while the NAIRU and the output gap are nice ideas, it is often hard to agree, at any given moment, on the value of either number.

部分原因在于，虽然自然生产率和经济产出缺口是一个很不错的想法，但往往难以随时使两者数值匹配。

The output gap is still sizable due to the economic potential that was lost as a result of the financial crisis' devastating economic impact.

经济潜力因金融危机毁灭性的经济影响而丧失，产出缺口因此依然庞大。

The output gap is the difference between actual economic output and the most the economy could produce given the capital, know-how and people available.

产出缺口是一国实际经济产出和按照该国所获资本、专门技能和劳动力所能得到的最大产出的差额。

They believe they can estimate phenomena such as the output gap or the rate of inflation to be expected for any specified behaviour of real activity.

它们自以为对各种局面胸有成竹，包括任何特定真实活动情形下可以预期的产出缺口或通涨率。

The remaining output gap, the slow recovery in domestic demand, and the previously depressed money supply remain the main factors keeping inflation in check.

产量尚存缺口、国内需求复苏缓慢、以前萧条的货币供应等，仍是使通胀水平得到控制的主要因素。

Specially as is pointed, the output gap (the difference of actual output and potential output) has already become a very important a signal of the policy.

特别要指出的是，产出缺口(实际产出和潜在产出的差额)已经成为一个很重要的政策指标。

If anything, she and others remain worried about deflation. In a March 23 speech, Ms. Yellen cautioned that the output gap may not be fully closed until 2013.

她和其他人反而仍在担心出现通缩。耶伦在3月23日的讲话中警告说产出缺口可能直到2013年才能完全消除。

It is critical for the policy maker who is in charge of formulating appropriate macroeconomic policies to estimate potential output and output gap accurately.

准确估计潜在产出、计算产出缺口对于政策制定者制定恰当的宏观经济政策是至关重要的。

The bottom line is that the Obama plan is unlikely to close more than half of the looming output gap, and could easily end up doing less than a third of the job.

底线？奥巴马的计划可能连生产空缺的一半多都弥补不上，并且可能连任务的三分之一也完成不了。

But it would not be enough to prevent a sharp widening of the output gap (the difference between actual GDP and what the economy could produce at full capacity).

但这也不足以阻止产出缺口的扩大(指经济能够完成的最大产出与实际产出的差)。

It is certainly hard to spot bubbles; but central Banks already grapple with other imponderables, such as the size of the output gap or the level of structural unemployment.

识别经济泡沫开始形成当然有难度，但央行已经有过处理其他不可预知事件的经验，像衡量产出缺口的大小或结构性失业率的水平。