The author thinks that crime cost is consist of material cost, non-material cost and penalty cost.

笔者认为，犯罪成本由物质性成本、物质性成本及惩罚性成本构成。

The author thinks that crime cost is consist of material cost, non - material cost and penalty cost.

笔者认为,犯罪成本由物质性成本 、 物质性成本及惩罚性成本构成.

However, the gap penalty cost is arbitrarily designated in this method.

在这个策略中罚分是任意指定的。

However, the gap penalty cost is arbitrarily designated in this method .

在这个策略中罚分是任意指定的。