One is survivorship bias in the Numbers.

一种是幸存者偏差。

You've got survivorship bias taking out bad records and then you've got backfill bias adding good records.

生存偏差去掉了那些糟糕的记录,回填误差又加入了一些好的记录

So the survivorship bias and the backfill bias would be much, much more of a problem in the hedge fund world.

所以生存偏差和回填偏差，会是对冲基金领域里一个相当重大的问题。

Now,more than 130 managers failed because, in addition to survivorship bias, there's something called backfill bias.

其实失败的经理人超过130位,因为除了生存偏差之外,还有称为回填偏差的影响

This "survivorship bias" ignores the many traders whose losses from using charts drive them out of the market.

但这种“幸存者偏见（survivorship bias）”忽略了许多因为依靠图表分析遭受损失最终退市的投资者。

Looking at this particular group, he estimated survivorship bias to be 4.4% per year and backfill bias to be 7.3% per year.

分析这个特定的样本，他估算其生存偏差每年达到4.4%，回填偏差每年达到7.3%。

Then if you adjust for survivorship bias, you end up concluding that the deficit wasn't .3% but the deficit was actually 2%.

那么如果你算上生存偏差,你会发现,缺口不是0.3%,事实上是2%

Survivorship bias is the wrong estimation of fund performance due to the disappearance of some funds from the research sample.

生存偏差效应是指在基金绩效研究中不考虑已退市基金的做法可能会导致人们对基金绩效的错误估计。

So, we're talking about a group of funds that in aggregate probably produced somewhere in the low teens returns and he's got 11.7% per year combined survivorship bias and backfill bias.

因此我们说这组基金总体上，大概产生了略高于10%的收益率，他算出的数字是每年11.7%，结合了生存偏差和回填偏差。

A lot of theories and strategies are available on price action trading claiming high success rates, but traders should be aware of survivorship bias, as only success stories make news.

价格走势交易上有许多理论和策略据说都能获得高成功率，但是交易员应该警惕幸存者误差，因为只有成功案例才会产生新闻。