We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways.

然而，众所周知，当代的采集狩猎者以各种方式控制其人口。

The sensation of working on a theorem, he says, can be like being “a hunter and gatherer of mathematical concepts.”

他说，专注于一个定理的感觉，就像“一个猎人，一个数学概念的收集者。”

A child in New York might pretend to be an airplane; a hunter-gatherer child will not.

纽约的小孩儿可能假装自己是个飞机；一个采集狩猎人的孩子可能就不会。

I think that is the lesson we can take from current hunter-gatherer groups, people who still live in a way that our ancestors did.

我认为这是一个我们可以从狩猎者群体中吸取到的教训，那些狩猎者依旧向我们的祖先那样生活。

In the journal Science, Kim Hill and others point to evidence that people in hunter-gatherer societies actually live with people who are not relatives.

在《科学》杂志，吉姆·希尔等人搜集证据证明，人类在狩猎社会实际上同与自己无亲属关系的人居住在一起。

Scientists have also predicted, with mixed results, a preference for red among women, who would've needed to spot red berries against green foliage in our ancestral hunter-gatherer societies.

科学家也通过各种实验结果推测道，女士之所以喜欢红色是因为早在原始狩猎社会，她们需要用红色的浆果点缀绿色的树叶。

Here is where I think we have lots to learn from hunter-gatherer societies.

我认为我们可以从狩猎-采集者的社会中学到很多。

FOR most of man’s existence he has been a hunter-gatherer.

自人类出现以来，大部分时间是作为采集狩猎者。

We're fairly well adapted for life in a hunter-gatherer society, but evolution has not caught up to the way we live now.

我们生理上是相当适应那种狩猎—采集的社会模式，但是进化还是没能赶我们现在的生活方式。

Research into hunter-gatherer cultures has contributed to this new understanding.

对狩猎文化的研究加深了对这种新观点的理解。

As the hunter part of a hunter-gatherer society, men were faced with complex, life-threatening problems that needed solving on a daily basis.

在狩猎采集社会，作为猎人的男性每天面临复杂的，甚至有生命威胁的问题。

Scientists have shown that females are drawn to pinks and reds and men to blues and greens – and they believe the explanation lies our hunter-gatherer past.

科学家宣称女性更喜欢红粉色系，男性倾心于蓝绿色系，而且他们将这种喜好归功于我们狩猎采集的过去。

On a genetic level, the finding that members of a band are not highly interrelated means that “inclusive fitness cannot explain extensive cooperation in hunter-gatherer bands,” the researchers write.

从基因角度讲，狩猎组合中的成员并没有高度的血缘关系的发现意味着“广泛的适应并不能解释狩猎-采集组合中的高度合作”，研究人员写道。

On a genetic level, the finding that members of a band are not highly interrelated means that “inclusive fitness cannot explain extensive cooperation in hunter-gatherer bands, ” the researchers write.

从基因角度讲，狩猎组合中的成员并没有高度的血缘关系的发现意味着“广泛的适应并不能解释狩猎-采集组合中的高度合作”，研究人员写道。

It was pretty clear we were dealing with a hunter-gatherer site," Peters says. "It's been the same every year since.

很明显我们正在研究的是一个捕猎者的遗址，”皮特斯说道，“从那以后每一年都能发现相似数量的骨头。”

Hunter-gatherer groups classified as pygmies live in various regions, including Africa, Indonesia, the Philippines and the Andaman Islands, which lie southeast of Burma.

被认为是矮人族的以狩猎采集为生的部落分布在非洲，印度尼西亚，菲律宾和缅甸东南的安达曼群岛等广大地区。

It is an irony that evolution has shaped people to enjoy fat, sugar and indolence-things in short supply to man's hunter-gatherer ancestors, and desirable in the quantities then available.

最讽刺的是，进化规律赋予人类喜欢脂肪、糖分和懒惰的本能，这些东西无一例外对人类狩猎为生的祖先来说非常匮乏，那时人类是尽可能多的寻找这些东西。

It would be wrong of me not to mention how Marcus (traditional English gent turned hunter-gatherer) had felt very successful after his fishing trip.

我不得不提一下，麦克斯这个由传统英国绅士变成的渔夫在外出捕鱼后是如何有成就感的。

For most of their existence, humans lived in small, egalitarian hunter-gatherer bands.

远古人类大部分生存在小而平等的团队里依靠采集和狩猎为生。

Of course we could solve the problems of today if we reverted to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, but global populations and changed circumstances make that impossible. There is no simple solution.

如果我们恢复捕猎-采集的生活方式，固然可以解决当今的问题，但是全球人口数量和业已改变的环境让这种方式的实施化为泡影，所以，这个问题根本无法轻轻松松被解决。

The connecting theme is that in the division of Labour that forms the primordial bargain of human hunter-gatherer societies, it is the men who do the hunting and the women who do the gathering.

这两者之间的联系是源于原始社会“狩猎——采集”的社会分工，男人去打猎，女人去采摘。

Small, family-based groups came together, forming hunter-gatherer tribes.

以家庭为基础的小型团体走到了一起，形成捕猎者-采集者部落。

Our species began to depart from our natural hunter-gatherer lifestyle as recently as 10,000 years ago - too short to measure on the evolutionary timescale.

我们这个物种只不过在大约10万年前才与我们自然的狩猎—采集生活方式告别——这在进化的时间尺度上短到无法测量的程度。

Our species began to depart from our natural hunter-gatherer lifestyle as recently as 10, 000 years ago - too short to measure on the evolutionary timescale.

我们这个物种只不过在大约10万年前才与我们自然的狩猎—采集生活方式告别——这在进化的时间尺度上短到无法测量的程度。

If you're in a hunter-gatherer society, in a situation where food is scarce and there are frequent famines, you're served well by being risk-taking and novelty-seeking and enjoying uncertainty.

假如你是生活在一个狩猎—采集社人，在食物短缺与频繁出现饥荒的情况下，如果你能敢于冒险，寻求新奇并且享受不确定性，肯定是好处多多。

The Jomon hunter-gatherer way of life, enriched and transformed by the making of Jomon pottery, didn't radically change for over 14, 000 years.

绳纹陶器的制作，丰富与改造了绳纹人这种狩猎与采集的生活方式；而后在一万四千年的漫漫岁月中，一切没有多大的改变。

As an academic I am keen to re-awaken interest in the ancient hunter-gatherer population who lived in Britain before the arrival of farming 6,000 years ago.

作为一名学者，我对6000年前，在农业耕种出现以前，以捕猎-采集方式生活在英国的古代祖先重新燃起了兴趣。

The anthropologist and physician Melvin Konner began his career in the late 1960s studying how hunter-gatherer people in southern Africa’s Kalahari Desert raised their children.

麦尔文·康纳是人类学家和内科医师，在上世纪60年代后期他开始了职业生涯。 当时他研究的课题是南非喀拉哈里沙漠中的采集狩猎社会中的人是如何抚养他们的孩子的。