Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics.

在这种情况下，老化必须根据物理化学和热力学定律进行。

Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.

金字塔、大教堂和火箭的存在并不是因为几何形状或热力学，而是因为它们首先是建造它们的人的脑海中的图画。

It doesn't change the thermodynamics.

但不改变热力学过程。

That's the first law of thermodynamics.

这是热力学第一定律。

It has nothing to do with thermodynamics.

和热力学没有任何关系。

But thermodynamics takes a bird's eye view.

但热力学做的是鸟瞰。

The thermodynamics that we've seen so far.

即我们前面学到的热力学。

In statistical mechanics and in thermodynamics.

在热力学或者统计力学中。

The microscopic underpinnings of thermodynamics.

它是热力学的微观描述。

PROFESSOR: Thermodynamics, all right, let's start.

教授：热力学，好的，我们开始吧。

But we know thermodynamics is all about equilibrium.

但我们知道热力学都是关于平衡的。

Now, what I want to do is start deriving thermodynamics.

现在我开始推导热力学。

And we already know about equilibrium from thermodynamics.

我们已经从热力学，了解了平衡。

You can apply non-equilibrium thermodynamics to economics.

你可以把非平衡热力学,应用于经济学。

If it's an equilibrium system, then thermodynamics can describe it.

如果它是个平衡系统，那么热力学就能描述它。

They also do depend on thermodynamics and where equilibrium states are.

这些依赖于热力学,和平衡态的性质。

So today, I just want to continue doing some statistical thermodynamics.

那么今天，我仅仅想继续探讨，一些统计热力学问题。

And we went through that and saw what the thermodynamics worked out to be.

我们算出了他们，并看到了它们的热力学应该是怎样的。

So, the point is that from Q we're going to get all of our thermodynamics.

现在关键问题是我们要从Q中，得到所有的热力学量。

in the last couple lectures at a really important topic in thermodynamics.

在前面几次课里,面我们考察了热力学中一个很重要的课题。

And so we can immediately start in deriving all of the thermodynamics, right?

这样我们可以马上开始，得到所有热力学的量对吧？

You're moving heat around When you're changing matter through thermodynamics.

当你通过热力学改变物质形态时，你是在，转移热量。

The volume will be filled and we've derived the thermodynamics for it before.

整个容积将被占满，之前我们已经得到它的热力学性质。

PROFESSOR BAWENDI: Last time you talked about the first law of thermodynamics.

教授：上一次我们谈到,热力学第一定律。

And just tried to understand what the basic thermodynamics is that it would exhibit.

并试着去理解，它所呈现出的基本的热力学。

Fairly powerful statement, and that's another form of the first law of thermodynamics.

这是一个相当有用的表述，是热力学第一定律的另外一种形式。

And so we saw what the thermodynamics worked out to be. And what the limiting cases were.

我们也看到了热力学的计算结果，也看到了极限情况的形式。

And also with the high and low temperature limits of the thermodynamics turned out to be.

也看到了高温和低温极限下，的热力学形式。

And now, just based on that simple model, we should be able to figure out all the thermodynamics.

那么，基于这个简单的模型，我们应该能解决所有相关的热力学问题。

The topics covered are the usual physics stuff: thermodynamics, quantum effects, and fault-tolerance.

该主题涉及常见的物理问题：热力学、量子效应和容错。