They then explode, as supernovae.

然后，它们像超新星一样爆炸。

Smaller light echoes have been seen around supernovae.

规模较小的光回音可在超新星附近看见。

The arrows in the top row of images point to the supernovae.

上面一行图片中的箭头指出了超新星。

Now this path to supernovae will have to be investigated in more detail.

现在，这条产生超新星的途径必须要得到更加仔细的研究。

It comes from observations of supernovae and other very distant sources.

而是来自遥远的超新星和其他非常远的源。

The telescopes will also be good at spotting supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.

用这些望远镜对超新星及伽马射线爆发进行定位也不错。

Dust is produced from the winds of aging stars and from the aftermath of supernovae.

尘埃是老年恒星风暴和超新星的产物。

By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.

到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。

Bob Kirshner, of Harvard University, explains why supernovae are important for all of us.

哈佛大学的鲍勃·克斯勒解释了为什么超新星对我们所有人都很重要。

The research teams raced to map the Universe by locating the most distant supernovae.

研究队伍用定位距离地球最远的超新星的办法来绘制宇宙地图。

Type Ia supernovae are so luminous that they outshine their host galaxies for several weeks.

Ia型超新星如此之亮，以至于在几个星期内它的寄主星系的光芒也相形见绌。

Pulsars are the dense cores left over after stars of a certain mass explode into supernovae.

脉冲星是某一恒星群发生爆炸形成超新星后所遗留下来的密核。

Neutron stars are, after all, a little less extreme than black holes, Big Bangs and supernovae...

毕竟中子星并没有黑洞、大爆炸、超新星等等那么极端。

What both groups found was that the light from distant supernovae was fainter than predicted.

两组研究队发现，从遥远的超新星上发出的光比他们预测的要微弱。

They were using these supernovae to measure how the universe's expansion is changing with time.

科学家们通过研究那些超新星去测量宇宙膨胀随时间的变化。

The infrared brightness of the galaxies allowed the team to estimate how many supernovae should occur.

星系的红外亮度让小组成员可以估计出超新星发生的预期速率。

Not just any old relics, neutron stars are the leftover cores of huge stars that exploded in supernovae.

和一般残骸不同，中子星是以超新星方式爆炸的巨大星球的残余核心部分。

They originate from various events (supernovae and so on) within the Milky Way galaxy that is home to the Earth.

它们可以从地球所在的银河系中很多的事件里产生，如超新星事件等。

Over the last 100 years, at least nine supernovae, the death explosions of massive stars, were discovered in NGC 6946.

最近100年来，至少有九颗超新星(大质量恒星爆炸的形成物)在NGC6946中被发现。

"For one, the Hubble Space Telescope has weighed in on dark energy by virtue of the measurements of supernovae," he said.

“例如，在超新星测量方面具有优势的哈勃太空望远镜已被用于暗能量项目，”他说。

Examining as many supernovae as possible can help researchers measure how fast galaxies are moving away from one another.

尽可能多地检测超新星能够帮助研究人员测量星系之间的背离速度。

Unlike most supernovae, this one spewed lots of elements far heavier than iron, including radioactive thorium and uranium.

这颗晕星不同于大多数超新星，它吐出的许多元素比铁还重，其中包括放射性钍和铀。

Researchers first observed accelerated expansion by studying Type Ia supernovae-the explosive deaths of White Dwarf stars.

研究人员在研究Ia型超新星——白矮星爆炸中的消亡过程时首度观察到加速的膨胀。

IceCube's task is to watch for energetic neutrinos emanating from violent cosmic events such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.

冰立方的任务是找到那些从一些剧烈的宇宙事件，如超新星和伽马射线爆发中发射不来的高能中微子。

Supernovae of this type have been observed for decades and we have learned that they are very predictable in the way they evolve.

这种超新星已经被观测了好多年，我们也知道了它们是能够按照它们的演变规律可以预测的。

The supernovae make the chemical elements through real alchemy, transforming one element, the light elements into the heavy ones.

超新星通过真正的点金术制造化学元素，把一种元素，轻的元素转变成重的。

There are a number of kinds of stellar explosions that can produce supernovae — which are short-lived, extra bright stellar events.

有一些不同种类的恒星爆炸可以产生超新星——短时间的，异常明亮的恒星爆炸事件。

One particular sort, though, known as type Ia supernovae, always explode with about the same energy and are therefore equally bright.

不过，有一类被称为Ia型的超新星爆炸时释放的能量始终基本相同，因此量度也相同。

Supernovae studies have allowed scientists to see that dark energy has been impacting galaxies since as far back as nine billion years ago.

有关超新星的研究使科学家了解到，追溯到90亿前暗能量就已经开始影响星系。