Professor Pretty and his colleagues calculated the externalities of British agriculture for one particular year.

普雷蒂教授和他的同事计算了某一年英国农业的外部性。

The fact that burning fuel creates these "negative externalities" does not imply that no tax on fuel could ever be too high.

燃烧燃料产生这些“负外部性”的事实并不意味着燃油税不会太高。

Economics is precise about the tax that should, in principle, be levied to deal with negative externalities: the tax on a liter of fuel should be equal to the harm caused by using a liter of fuel.

从经济学的角度来看，为了应对负外部性，原则上应该征收的税收是准确的：对一升燃料征收的税应该等于使用一升燃料所造成的危害。

Positive pecuniary externalities create incentives.

正面的经济外部性会产生激励。

Or, why should externalities be internalized?

或者说，为什么要把外部性内部化？

This also an example of positive externalities.

这也是正外部性的一个例子。

The information goods displayed more and more network externalities.

信息商品表现出了越来越强的网络外部性。

Negative externalities are one of the main reasons for market failure.

负外部性是引起市场失灵的主要原因之一。

Much environmental economics concerns externalities or " public bads".

环境经济学考虑外部性，或者“公害”。

Are you worried at all about externalities we won't or can't anticipate?

您是否会担心那些我们没有或者无法考虑到的外部问题？

There's no way to attack the problem without taking a global look at externalities.

如果不以全球视角来看待这个外部成本，那么根本没有办法触及这个问题。

Then it analyzes the network externalities of structure and its three principle rules.

然后，分析了信用卡运作体系的网络外延性等特征以及三项主要原则。

But some pollution problems involve such dramatic externalities that the whole world is affected.

另外，有些污染问题的外延性很大，全世界都无法幸免。

Urban planners know this problem all too well. After all, traffic is filled with negative externalities.

当然，城市的交通规划者们对于这个问题也是很清楚的，毕竟，城市交通总是充斥了各式各样的负外部性问题，例如某位司机轻踩刹车的微小行为，就会引发一连串的连锁效应，对众多其他司机产生影响。

But this will really be the first time the world has tackled the issue of externalities on a global basis.

不过，这将会是第一次在全球范围内处理外部成本。

And it will be the first time the globe has tackled the question of externalities over a long time period.

而且这也将是全球第一次处理追溯过去很长一段时间的外部成本。

Events relate asynchronous "externalities" to programmed callbacks (also called signals, bindings, and so on).

事件将异步的“外部动作”与编程上的回调(也称为信号、绑定等等)联系起来。

The scarcities and externalities of the enterprises' accounting information result in the market failures.

企业会计信息的稀缺性和外部性导致了会计信息市场的失灵。

Negative Externalities: Sometimes markets impose costs on others who are not directly participating in the market.

负外部性：有时候，市场强加成本于其他不直接参与到这个市场的人之上。

Markets become less-than-optimal allocators of resources when they fail to capture externalities in market prices.

在价格机制下如未能捕获外部性，市场不再是资源的最优配置方式。

Congestion externalities — higher costs resulting from an attempt to use resources at a higher-than-optimal capacity.

外部阻隔——在尝试更高而不佳的容量下的资源使用而导致的更高的成本。

The externalities exits in the network financial activities, include direct externalities and indirect externalities.

外部性存在于网络金融活动中，包括直接外部性和间接外部性。

Pigou advocated taxation as a way to combat the negative externalities, or side-effects, associated with certain activities.

庇古支持用税收来解决因为某些活动造成的负面外部效应或副作用。

Internalization may also come about spontaneously by the merger of two units inflicting large externalities upon one another.

当两个有着巨大的相互冲突的外差因素的单位合并时，内部化也可能自发地产生。

Hence, externalities occur in terms of the Large Remains protection, and dealing with the externalities is a system-designing process.

由此，在大遗址保护中出现了一系列外部性问题，治理外部性的过程实质上就是进行制度设计的过程。