一个是没有清晰定义系谱树的枝干末端在哪里,也就是说,哪种方言应该被认为是不同语言或只是方言。
One is that there is no clear way of deciding where the branches at the bottom should end, that is, which dialects should be considered separate languages or vice versa.
《TED教育》《TED-Ed》
通常语言和方言的不同之处在于多变的政治和国家格局,而不是语言学特征。
Often the difference between languages and dialects is a matter of changing political and national considerations, rather than any linguistic features.
《TED教育》《TED-Ed》
汉语被归类为一门语言,但它的不同方言之间差别大到完全听不懂,然而讲西班牙语和葡萄牙语的人们通常可以听懂对方。
Chinese is classified as a single language, but its dialects vary to the point of being mutually unintelligible, while speakers of Spanish and Portuguese can often understand each other.
《TED教育》《TED-Ed》
几个世纪的不同生活条件,不同食物,不同邻居,使原本相似而只是发音和词汇有所不同的方言变成了完全不同的语言,并随着人口的增长和迁移不断分化。
Centuries of living in different conditions, eating different food and encountering different neighbors turned similar dialects with varied pronunciation and vocabulary into radically different languages, continuing to divide as populations grew and spread out further.
《TED教育》《TED-Ed》
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方言学
dialectology
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地方方言
local dialect
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社会方言
social dialect
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方言地理学
dialect geography
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本地方言
native dialect
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方言差异
dialectic differences
每个地区都有自己的方言。
Every region has its own dialect.
方言有时会让人感到困惑。
Dialect can sometimes be confusing.
这个地区的方言非常独特。
The dialect of this region is very unique.
这本书是用当地的方言写的。
This book is written in the local dialect.
她说的方言很难理解。
She speaks a dialect that is hard to understand.
这个方言中的双元音非常独特。
The diphthongs in this dialect are quite unique.
库尔德语有很多方言。
The Kurdish language has many dialects.
中国的语言有许多方言。
The Sino language has many dialects.
曼德语族包括多种方言。
The Mande languages include a variety of dialects.
她能流利地说几种方言。
She can speak several dialects fluently.